Object-oriented programming (OOPs) concepts in Java


What is Java?
Java is a programming language and It is used for application development. It was first released in 1995 by Sun Microsystem and later acquired by Oracle Corporation. It is one of the most commonly used and popular programming languages.

What is Java platform?
Java platform is a collection of programs that help to develop and run programs in the Java programming language. Java platform includes execution engine, compiler, and multiple number of libraries. JAVA is a platform-independent language. It is not specific for any processor or operating system.

Object-oriented programming (OOPs) concept in Java
Object-oriented programming: as the name implies, Object-Oriented Programming or OOPs refers to languages that use objects in programming. Object-oriented programming focuses on real-world entities, such as inheritance, hiding, polymorphism, etc. in programming. The main goal of OOP is that data and functions that work on them, so no other part of the code to access this data except this function.

OOPs Concepts:
• Polymorphism
• Inheritance
• Encapsulation
• Abstraction
• Class
• Object
• Method


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Polymorphism: polymorphism refers to the ability of OOPs programming languages, to distinguish efficiently between homonymous entities. This is done by Java with the signature and Declaration of these entities.

Inheritance: inheritance is an important pillar of OOP (object oriented programming). It is the mechanism in java that allows a class to inherit the features(fields and methods) of another class.

Encapsulation: encapsulation is defined as wrapping of data under a single unit. It is the mechanism that binds code and data it manipulates.Another way to think about encapsulation is that it is a shield that prevents the data from accessing the code outside of that shield.

Abstraction: data abstraction is the property that allows the user to see only the essential details.The trivial or non-essential units are not displayed to the user. Ex: a car is considered to be a car rather than its individual components.

Class: A Class is a custom blueprint or prototype from which to create objects.  It represents the set of properties or methods that are common to all objects of a type.

Object: it is a basic unit of object-oriented programming and represents the real-world entities.  A typical Java program creates many objects that are known to interact with call methods.

Method: a method is a collection of statements that perform a specific task and return the result to the caller. A method can perform a specific task without returning anything. Methods allow us to re-use the code without re-writing the code. In Java, each method must be part of a class that is different from languages such as C, C++, and Python.



Message Passing: objects communicate with each other by sending and receiving information. A message for an object is a request for execution of a procedure and therefore calls a function in the receiving object that generates the desired results. When the message is delivered, the name of the object, the name of the function, and the information to be sent are specified.


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