At our homes we all have various circuit breaker types, it’s the trip switch that protects our electrical installation in the event of a short circuit or overload. Unlike the fuse which does the same job by protecting from short circuit & overload, but has to be replaced once in action but its advanced application as circuit breaker can be reset manually or automatically to resume normal functioning. These circuit breakers vary by the size of the area of application like as in the small household appliance to an electrical power plant or substation which protects the whole city from high voltage feeding. This circuit breakers play the same role they allow the current to flow at ease in the case of normal functioning and they automatically interrupt the flow of current in case of a Short circuit or an Overload.

Now let’s emphasize on the working of a Circuit Breaker, all The circuit breaker types relies or functions on the separation of two electrical contacts. Whenever there is a fault condition the circuit breaker separates the two contacts by applying various methods (such as a separate battery or additional current storage or in a mechanical way like a spring or compressed gas) depending on the area and the size of its implementation & also has a small electrical motor to restore energy to springs or get it into a state to work again. Small household circuit breakers use the trip mechanism in case of fault occurrence. When the contact points are moved away from each an ARC is generated (Immense pressure, heat & additional current) which is then safely dealt in a controlled way to maintain the gap between the contacts. Vacuum, air, Insulating gas & oil are used as the medium for the formation of an arc. Functioning and techniques to handle or extinguish this formation of the ARC are: Lengthening /Deflection of ARC, Intensive cooling in the chambers, Division into Partial ARCs, Zero Point Quenching and by Connecting the capacitors in parallel with the contacts which are in these DC Circuits.

The separation contacts in all the circuit breaker types should conduct the flow without any heating & should be able to handle the heat produced at the time of Circuit Opening or Breaking. The contacts are made of very highly conductive materials such as alloys of copper and silver, etc. So the contacts very big and intense circuit breakers are replaceable as they are supposed to wear out easily as compared to small ones.

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