Sustainability of this industry relies addressing the waste streams in a productive manner. Therefore in this research cleaner production principle is adapted to minimize the waste generated by attacking the point of generation and using potion of treated wastewater for soaking process. Industrial Ecology concept is adapted by using by product (waste) of the process,paddy cleaner as a fuel initially to operate the boiler and later ash of the husk as filtering media of wastewater. In addition, steam generated by burning paddy husk will be partly used to rotate biological rotating disk which facilitate aerobic reaction. Treatment process consists of two stages and in the first stage, BOD value is reduced by aerobic digestion with the help of rotating biological contractors (RBC) and in the second stage pre-treated wastewater sent through a carbon filter in order to reduce COD. Result shows that treatment process gives promising results of the COD and BOD 5 concentrations of the treated water therefore treated water can be re-used for soaking purposes again.

Presently, due to an increase in usage of large scale mechanical threshers and combine harvesters, moisture content of freshly harvested paddy is being high as much as 18-24%. The mechanical threshers or combine harvesters with elevated capacity enable for both harvesting and threshing at once. Thus the paddy harvested all over persists with high moisture content that affects adversely in unit operations of paddy processing such as cleaning, storing, and milling. The research was conducted to overcome this problem by developing a mobile paddy dryer that can be used at field level for freshly harvested paddy. A mobile dryer, one ton capacity, was developed and tested for drying freshly harvested paddy. The performance of the mobile dryer was evaluated in terms of overall thermal efficiency, heat utilization factor, coefficient of performance, total heat efficiency and head rice yields. The overall thermal efficiency of this dryer was 46.83%. The average heating efficiencies namely heat utilization factor and total heat efficiency were 0.82 and 0.72 respectively. The coefficient of performance of the developed dryer was 0.18. The head rice yields of freshly harvested paddy after drying at 60 °C air temperature was of 73.78%. The overall drying performance of the dryer was found to be good.

More than 40 million hundredweights of rice are produced in California's Sacramento Valley every year. After harvest, the rice is stored in facilities on-farm or off-farm until it is transported to mills or to ports for export. We conducted a survey of storage operations to characterize grain storage and pest management practices to guide future UC Cooperative Extension research efforts. The results indicate that grain moisture content, temperature and insect pest management are the most important challenges for both on- and off-farm storage operations. Survey responses show high adoption of integrated pest management programs, with most storage operations relying on monitoring, thresholds, sanitation and aeration to manage pest problems. Fumigant use was reported more frequently in off-farm storage operations than on-farm operations. Cooperative Extension educational efforts should focus on grain and temperature monitoring, insect identification and safe use of fumigants. Research is needed to improve management of grain temperature and moisture content, and insect infestations.

Rice milling industry is one of the most energy consuming industries. Like capital, labour and material, energy is one of the production factors which used to produce final product. In economical term, energy is demand-derived goods and can be regarded as intermediate good whose demand depends on the demand of final product. This paper deals with various types of energy pattern used in rice milling industries viz., thermal energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy and human energy. The important utilities in a rice mill are water, air, steam, electricity and labour. In a rice mill some of the operations are done manually namely, cleaning, sun drying, feeding paddy to the bucket elevators, weighing and packaging, etc. So the man-hours are also included in energy accounting. Water is used for soaking and steam generation. Electricity is the main energy source for these rice mills and is imported form the state electricity board grids. Electricity is used to run motors, pumps, blowers, conveyors, fans, lights, etc. The variations in the consumption rate of energy through the use of utilities during processing must also accounted for final cost of the finished product. The paddy milling consumes significant quantity of fuels and electricity. The major energy consuming equipments in the rice milling units are; boilers and steam distribution, blowers, pumps, conveyers, elevators, motors, transmission systems, weighing, etc. Though, wide variety of technologies has been evolved for efficient use of energy for various equipments of rice mills, so far, only a few have improved their energy efficiency levels. Most of the rice mills use old and locally available technologies and are also completely dependent on locally available technical personnel.

Establish the mathematical model of feeding velocity in rubber roller husker vibrating feeder through analyzing the material movement, and determine the relational expression according to the theory analysis of material movement in the feeder. Analyzing the influence of groove obliquity angle , vibrating direction angle, frequencyand amplitude, which are simulated numerically by using the MATLAB software, and optimizing the material theoretical speed are the main objective. The optimal parameters of transmission and the experimental verification can provide more reference for the design of the Rubber Roller Husker vibrating feeding system.

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