Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication commonly associated with the liver disease: cirrhosis. The inability of the liver to metabolize ammonia results in a buildup of ammonia, which can cross the blood–brain barrier and cause significant neurocognitive impairment. A significant number of patients with cirrhosis may experience HE and may be at high risk of recurrent HE.

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The severity of hepatic encephalopathy can be broadly categorized into two classes: Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy (CHE) and Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy (OHE). OHE is associated with high rates of mortality and hospitalizations and poor quality of life. Factors such as infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, metabolic disturbance, and dietary protein overload may cause OHE. According to a study conducted by the U.S. National Library of Medicine in 2016, 30 to 50% of patients who have cirrhosis during their clinical care are likely to develop OHE.

The global hepatic encephalopathy market was valued at US$ 2,408.3 Mn in 2017, and is expected to witness a CAGR of 6.3% during the forecast period (2018 – 2026).

Market Dynamics

HE is a rare disease. Several drugs are available such as antibiotics, laxatives, probiotics, and lactulose that aid in the treatment of this disease. Key players in the market are focused on adopting acquisition strategies to expand their product portfolio. For instance, in December 2017, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals announced acquisition of Ocera Therapeutics, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company. Ocera Therapeutics is focused on the development and commercialization of novel therapeutics for orphan and other severe liver diseases.

Increasing number of drugs in pipeline for the treatment of HE is expected to drive the market growth during the forecast period

There are different types of therapeutic drugs in pipeline for the treatment of HE. Increasing number of products in pipeline for the treatment of HE is expected to drive growth of the market over the forecast period.

Umecrine Cognition, a Sweden-based pharmaceutical company, is developing a therapy that represents a new target class for several major central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. The lead compound GR3027 is presently in clinical development for HE. The company plans to demonstrate Phase II data of GR3027 for the treatment of HE in 2020.

Key players operating in the global hepatic encephalopathy market include, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Cosmo Pharmaceuticals N.V., Lupin Limited, Kaleido Biosciences, Kannalife Sciences, Inc., Bausch Health Companies Inc., Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc., Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Umecrine Cognition AB, and Norgine B.V.

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