Cutting tools can include a variety of tools which are used for removing the material from the workpiece. For example, in the machining domain, some of the most used cutting tools are taps and dies. These instruments are mainly used for making screw threads and for cleaning up threads. Concerning the abrasives, these are solid materials, mainly used for polishing, grinding, drilling, sharpening, buffing and cutting the surfaces. Generally, there are thw categories of abrasives, both having specific properties: the natural one and the synthetic one. The natural abrasive is considered to be superior to the synthetic one in a way but there are some impurities which can affect its effectiveness. Some of the most used natural abrasives are: novaculite, pumice dust, diamond dust, calcite, sand and emery. Regarding the synthetic abrasives, I would like to mention the fact that it has similar properties to the organic minerals, including the following types: dry ice, steel abrasive, ceramic iron oxide, borazon, Zirconia aluminia, glass powder, ceramic and others.

Cutting tools are indispensable instruments in industrial contexts and not only. In order to be effective, these instruments have to be composed of a harder material than the one which is about to be cut. Moreover, every cutting tool must offer essential characteristics, like: hardness, wear resistance and toughness. There are two types of cutting tools materials: stable and unstable. The stable materials regard the specific substances which remain stable and are not visible affected by the heat produced by the machining conditions. In this process, they don’t usually suffer any considerable change and are not affected by the external factors. Regarding the unstable materials, they are considered to be much softer than the stable materials and also, they are suitable for unfavorable machining conditions. Carbide cutting tools are very important instruments in manufacturing and often used in shaping products and tools made of metal. These carbide tools are based on a compound made from tungsten and carbon, which is considered to be more solid than any other type of metal. Moreover, this compound has significant and effective chemical properties, as well. Carbide cutting tools are much more expensive than the other types of cutting tools which are made of steel, mostly because they last longer and because they are able to remove a considerable amount of material, per cut.

The abrasives can be categorized in two types: coated abrasives and bonded abrasives. The coated abrasives are mainly used in industrial context, but also, by everybody people, providing a lot of purposes. This type of abrasive has a special material which can be represented by a rubber, paper or metal which is coated with an adhesive that plays the role of a bonding agent. To be more specific, you could think of the edge of a matchbox as a typical coated abrasive. Regarding the bonded abrasives, they are based on hard materials, such as aluminium oxide. They usually have two sides, used for finishing the process.
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