A bit of history about tightness:
Previously the watches were worn in the vest in men's gusset watch and at the neck for women. When wristwatches appear, water becomes the main danger.
Because to adjust or reassemble (for mechanical) a watch there must be an opening in the case. But any opening is a potential entry for water and is harmful to the mechanism.
The sealing principle really makes sense from 1926 when Rolex invents the Oyster revolutionizing manufacturing. The marketing genius of Hans Wilsdorf, owner of the brand, allows him to spread this innovation that many will copy afterwards.
The main invention was the automatic movement.
In the 1950s the evolution of society and the fashion of the practice of diving has pushed back the limits of waterproof watches. On diving watches was invented the anti-return crown to evaluate the diving time and thus prevent the risks associated with this activity.
Today many brands offer so-called waterproof watches. If price is not the guarantee of watertightness, it is necessary however to consider the means to be implemented to ensure a sufficient level to obtain it. The tightness of a watch is not an immutable property and it varies during its life and according to the care that is granted.
Manufacturers' methods of sealing are governed by international standards. For example Din 8310 or ISO 2281. These standards have been established for manufacture and note the resistance or not to a particular static pressure.
Of course, in everyday use we are never static when wearing your watch. You will need to consider a number of factors outside.

That is, a watch marked 30 meters was normally designed and verified at the factory to withstand a time of 3 bar pressure. This does not guarantee use for a longer period in a pool and even less operate at 30 meters depth.
When you choose a watch you have to ask the question of the use, the environment in which it will be worn but also the desired aesthetic criteria. The different sealing levels can only be guaranteed by a compatible technical environment.
In the following chapters you will find the general principles, the different parts of a watch that influence the tightness and the different leak tests that exist.
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