Azadirachtin, a chemical compound belonging to the limonoid group, is a secondary metabolite present in neem seeds. It is a highly oxidized tetranortriterpenoid which boasts a plethora of oxygen bearing functional groups, including an enol ether, acetal, hemiacetal, tetra-substituted epoxide and a variety of carboxylic esters.
Azadirachtin is not a single compound. It has a very complex structure, being a mixture of related substances extracted from the neem seed kernels. The seeds are the only source of azadirachtin. Azadirachtin affects insects in many different ways including acting as an insect growth regulator, anti-feedant, repellent, sterilant and oviposition inhibitor.
As an insect growth regulator, azadirachtin acts as an antagonist by inhibiting the synthesis or metabolism of the insect molting hormone ecdysone. Consequently, by inhibiting the molting process and subsequently metamorphosis, this causes insects to die when transitioning into the next life stage or instar (insect stage between molts) thus disrupting the life cycle of insects, which prevents the production of future generations.
Azadirachtin is more effective on the immature/ young life stages of insects than eggs or adults. However, azadirachtin is slower-acting than conventional insecticides, which is primarily due to azadirachtin altering or modifying the behavior of insects. Azadirachtin works as a stomach poison in which insects must ingest the active ingredient during feeding in order to be negatively affected. Activity seems to be better on chewing than sucking insects. This may be the reason why azadirachtin is most effective against caterpillars.
The global azadirachtin Market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.0% within expectations.

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Joanna | Executive – International Business and partner Relations
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