As we age, our bones start to deteriorate and lose their density, making them more prone to fractures and injuries. Bone voids, or defects in the bone, can occur due to a variety of reasons such as trauma, infection, and surgery. These voids can be painful and cause mobility issues. However, with the advancements in medical technology, bone void fillers have become an effective treatment option for such conditions. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore everything you need to know about bone void fillers, from their types and uses to their benefits and risks.
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What are Bone Void Fillers?
Bone void fillers are biocompatible materials that are used to fill gaps in bones caused by defects or injuries. These materials stimulate bone growth, repair and regeneration, providing support to the surrounding bone tissue. Bone void fillers can be classified into two main categories: synthetic and natural.
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Synthetic Bone Void Fillers
Synthetic bone void fillers are made up of artificial materials, including ceramics, polymers, and metals. These fillers are designed to mimic the structure of natural bone tissue and encourage new bone growth. Synthetic fillers have several advantages over natural fillers, including their high strength, low immunogenicity, and resistance to infection.
Natural Bone Void Fillers
Natural bone void fillers are derived from animal or human sources. They can be obtained from bone tissue, such as demineralized bone matrix, or cartilage, such as autologous chondrocyte implantation. Natural fillers have several advantages, such as their ability to promote bone cell growth and their low rejection rate. However, they also have some disadvantages, including the risk of transmitting diseases and the potential for an immune response.
Uses of Bone Void Fillers
Bone void fillers are commonly used to treat various bone defects, such as fractures, non-unions, and osteoporosis-related injuries. They can also be used in reconstructive surgeries to restore bone structure and function. Bone void fillers are frequently used in orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and dental implants.
LIST OF KEY COMPANIES PROFILED:
• Biocomposites (U.K.)
• Zimmer Biomet (U.S.)
• Arthrex, Inc. (U.S.)
• Graftys (France)
• BONESUPPORT AB (Sweden)
• Collagen Matrix, Inc. (U.S.)
• Stryker (U.S.)
• DePuy Synthes (U.S.)
Types of Bone Void Fillers
1. Calcium Phosphate Fillers
Calcium phosphate fillers are synthetic bone void fillers that closely resemble the chemical structure of natural bone tissue. They are highly biocompatible, biodegradable, and osteoconductive, meaning they can promote new bone growth. Calcium phosphate fillers are frequently used in orthopedic and dental applications.
2. Calcium Sulfate Fillers
Calcium sulfate fillers are natural bone void fillers that are commonly used in orthopedic surgeries. They are highly osteoconductive and resorbable, meaning they can be absorbed by the body over time. Calcium sulfate fillers are frequently used to fill bone voids caused by fractures or non-unions.
3. Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM)
Demineralized bone matrix is a natural bone void filler derived from human bone tissue. It contains proteins and growth factors that can stimulate bone growth and repair. DBM is commonly used in spinal fusion surgeries and other reconstructive surgeries.
4. Autologous Bone Graft
Autologous bone graft is a natural bone void filler that is obtained from the patient's own bone tissue. It is highly biocompatible and has a low risk of rejection. Autologous bone grafts are frequently used in orthopedic surgeries to repair bone defects.
Benefits of Bone Void Fillers
1. Promote Bone Regeneration
Bone void fillers promote the growth of new bone tissue, which can improve the structural integrity of the bone and restore its function.
2. Reduce Pain
Bone void fillers can help reduce pain and discomfort associated with bone defects and injuries.