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HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ( HIV)

Human immunodeficiency virus attacks and destroys the immune system of the body. Its entry into the circulatory system results in the collapse of the immune system and the continuous destruction of immune cells specifically T lymphocytes, CD3, CD4 + cell counts. The immune system acts as army that protects and prevents the body from vulnerable infections (bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal and others). In patients with HIV positive.

This HIV virus can be found in blood, semen, vaginal, breast milk and other body fluids. Its entry in the circulatory system results in the collapse immunity and the person becomes vulnerable to innumerous opportunistic infections. There are four stages- In the first stage; seroconversion illness can be noticed like the persistent presence of headache, fever, body ache, swollen lymph nodes, night sweats, swollen gums, nausea. In the second stage of HIV, person becomes prone to infections like herpes, lymphadenopathy, and candidiasis. The viral load continues to increase resulting in the decrease in the immune cells and body becomes more vulnerable to infections and survival becomes tough. During the third stage, infections like lymph node and pulmonary tuberculosis, persistent fever, pneumonia all these come into play. Fourth stage continues to develop severe opportunistic infections like pneumonia, tuberculosis, Kaposi sarcoma, meningitis and other infections. at this stage, viral load is continue to increase and CD4+ cell count reaches the lowest levels. At this stage, death can be imminent.

HIV can spread through ways-

Sexual intercourse (without protection, with anonymous, with multiple partners, with bisexuals),
Blood (through transfusion, contamination of healthy blood with unhealthy or HIV infected blood like razor cuts, needle prick, instrument injury, accidents),

Pregnancy,
At the time of delivery,
Breast feed.
Anyone can get infected by this deadly HIV irrespective of gender, age, nationality, race.

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