Node.js is one of the more groundbreaking additions to the web development landscape, offering an environment that enables full-stack JavaScript applications for the first time ever. Prior to Node.js, JavaScript was limited to client-side scripting, but Node transformed the script into a cross-over language, capable of writing software that’s portable between the front and back ends.
JavaScript brought its speed and cross-platform compatibility to back-end development, along with its devoted community of JavaScript programmers. In its 2015 developer survey, Stack Overflow found that JavaScript was the most popular programming language—even among back-end developers.
This soaring popularity, along with Node’s expansion into an entire development ecosystem, has fueled the creation of numerous Node.js frameworks that both extend and add to Node.js’s existing features.
The result? These JavaScript evangelists are building exciting new JavaScript frameworks that help to streamline and speed up Node development.
These range from lightweight and flexible modules to full-stack and highly opinionated frameworks. The resulting applications have varying strengths and advantages, but all share one main advantage: they’re written in JavaScript, so they’re compatible across browsers, devices, and operating systems.
Developers will love one framework over another for various reasons (and various projects), but all are guaranteed to boost the power of Node.js and speed up development cycles. If you’re developing an app with the MEAN stack or another Node-based back end, here are some frameworks to keep an eye out for when planning your software stack.
Why would you opt for one of the following lightweight frameworks? To do a lot more with a lot less effort. If you’re building a single-page, multi-page, or hybrid mobile app and want it to be maintainable for longer (and write less code while building it), these feature-rich middleware frameworks are for you.
Think of middleware frameworks as the plumbing of your app, handling requests and responses between the server and the user interface. Having solid, well-built middleware early on ensures your app can scale, and scale well.
Express.js a lightweight, efficient middleware and routing framework. Express.js is best known as another quarter of the MEAN (MongoDB, Express, AngularJS and Node) software stack, and is the most popular Node.js framework. Because Node.js itself wasn’t intended to build websites, the Express framework is able to create an HTTP server in Node, layering in the middleware structure and response/request functions needed to actually run a site.
It’s a pretty minimalist framework that’s great for giving developers extra, built-in web application features and the Express API without overriding the already robust, feature-packed Node.js platform. Note that it does require a bit more manual tasks, which can be tedious and time consuming, and has a bit larger footprint than other frameworks.
Other frameworks like the kraken.js suite extend Express even further. Express has been used as a middleware framework for sites like MySpace, PayPal, and Klout.
Hapi.js
Need more enterprise-level functionality? Working with distributed engineering teams? Hapi.js may be the best route for you. Hapi.js was created by developers at Walmart in preparation for Black Friday traffic as an answer to limitations they’d run into with Express—mainly extensibility and maintainability issues.
They found that, as the application grew, Express code was more difficult to split into chunks and delegate to different teams. Hapi’s plug-in system enables it to be worked on in sections without breaking the rest of the code base.
Right out of the box, Hapi does a lot more than Express. While there are similarities and differences between the two frameworks, Hapi—which is primarily used for rapidly building and testing application programming interfaces (APIs)—generally enables developers to focus more on writing reusable application logic instead of spending time building infrastructure.
It supports API development with an array of plug-ins from authorization and authentication to metrics and logging. It’s been used by heavy-hitters like OpenTable, Macy’s, Condé Nast, and Disney.
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