Plant diseases have become a severe threat to the total production of crop plants. They are behind the stunting of a plant's growth but also cause the deterioration of its health.
There are many reasons to be concerned about why plant diseases are majorly responsible for destroying agricultural productivity levels. Therefore, it is significant for them to take suitable preemptive measures to limit these issues' propagation beforehand.
The rise of modernized technologies and innovations plays a crucial role in helping agrarians stay away from plant diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and many more.
For instance, embracing crop monitoring software brings many positives for peasants, such as identifying dangerous areas, providing an individual approach to yield treatment, and effectively controlling plant diseases.
This article will extensively talk about varieties of crop diseases, their limits, and prevention measures for helping farmers.

Types of Crop Diseases and Their Reasonable Agents

Normally, crop plants suffer two types of crop diseases: one is biotic, or infectious, and another is abiotic, or non-infectious.
Infectious ones can be treated by uprooting the infected plants, but non-communicable or non-infectious ones are hard to control.
Non-communicable diseases rely on variations in environmental circumstances. For example, low or high temperature, humidity factor, excess or lack of moisture
Such diseases spread due to the presence of harmful impurities in the air, which are accumulated by nearby chemical or metallurgical plants.

Moreover, the unhealthy physicochemical composition of the soil is the second reason for the diseases, which is a result of poor treatment of fields with some herbicides.
It is why many governments focus on sustainable agriculture, where there is no use of harmful chemicals that lead to such difficult conditions. And embracing sustainable development in the field of agriculture makes agro-business profitable.
Resolutions for the treatment of plant diseases are many but specific to the respective diseases. For instance, fungicides like Trichoderma Asperellum treat fungus diseases, while bacterial diseases are resolved with the help of bactericides like Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis.

So, first, let me let you know about the causal agents behind the diseases; some of them are

● Bacteria
● Virus
● Fungi
● Nematodes
● Parasitic plants.

Clear up the basics on how they are the main causal agents for the degradation of crop plants.

1. Crop Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Damaged areas are the biggest trouble for crop plants. They can be caused by typical agricultural tools, insects, and unfavorable weather conditions like wind, dust, and heavy rain.

Bacteria always thrive in damaged regions and propagate in large numbers, leading to the spread of bacterial crop diseases.
In addition, regular temperature fluctuations and variations in humidity values and the availability of natural holes or glands to secrete nectar are favourable circumstances for bacterial activity.
As per the report of laboratory detections, these conditions work as a catalyst for bacterial growth and development.

Symptoms

Agrarians easily identify bacterial crop diseases by observing such symptoms in their crops as vascular wilting, necrosis, soft rot, and tumors.

Control Measures

If they find the above situations, take pre-emptive control measures on a prior basis as

● Incorporate soil solarize in your farmland?
● Try to set up hot water treatment for crop seeds.
● Restrict these bacterial diseases by blending bactericides, including Bacillus ThuringiensisIsraelensis, in the soil manure.

2. Crop Diseases Caused by Fungi

Dealing with pathogenic fungi is a major job for most farmers or peasants nowadays.
As per the reports of many reputed food and agricultural organizations, pathogenic fungi destroy a third of crop production across the world. In this way, it is a cause of humanitarian crisis and economic loss from the point of view of experts.
Beginning of the fungal diseases from approaching fungal spores to their destinations, including stomata, wounds, and water pores, and then destruction starts for the crop plants.

Symptoms

Knowledge of the symptoms of fungal diseases by seeing these noticeable issues in your crop plant, some of them are

● Spots on leaves.
● Exfoliation
● Rot
● Ulcers
● Curls of leaves and warts
● Anthracnose

Preventing Measures

Embracing key management steps for eliminating fungal diseases from your farms or crop fields lets you reap the fruits of your efforts and hard work in your crops. Some of them are

● Employ consistent crop rotation.
● Exterminate plant matter containing fatal fungi.
● Deploy only healthy seeds.
● Try to mix up beneficial chemicals and biological fungicides, such as TrichodermaAsperellum.

3. Crop Diseases Caused by Nematodes

Nematodes are parasitic plant roundworms known for infecting plants gradually. It is impossible to notice them with your naked eyes; you require special microscopic equipment to see them.
Mostly, they sustain themselves in soil where crop plants try to grow and affect their roots, shoots, tubers, and bulbs. It is difficult to detect which variety of nematode affects your plant because there are more than 4100 dangerous types present.

Symptoms

Commonly, nematodes suck the juice and sap of plants and make them dry out, so they suffer from drought. Therefore, determining their existence is very simple by observing these symptoms as

● Yellowing
● Growth retardation
● The gradual decline of a plant
● Dry state in a plant

Control Measures

There are many options in your hands to check the propagation of nematodes by taking preventive steps, including

● Completely destroy nematodes and their hatchlings and eggs by entering hot water at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius.
● Act on soil treatment with appropriate fumigants and nematicides.
● Stick to crop rotation, which boosts crop disease resistance in cropland

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