Recent studies have shown the urgency for future engineers and knowledge workers to adopt new teaching curricula in order to cope with the increasing industrial requirements. Teaching and Learning Factories aim at aligning manufacturing teaching and training standards with the needs of modern industrial practice. Both paradigms comprise an infrastructure that is required for efficient operation despite its different nature. Learning Factories depend on industrial-grade equipment, installed in academic sites, for the educational implementation of their curriculum. On the other hand, Teaching Factories, which aim to bring the real industrial practice into the academic setting, rely on modern ICT technologies for the facilitation of interaction and knowledge transfer. This paper presents an approach to the classification of Teaching and Learning Factories infrastructures. Specifically, these infrastructures refer to installations that offer industrial-grade equipment and a modern ICT installation for the operation of both paradigms, either in a local or distributed mode. These environments comprise various types of Classifying Equipment with a vast range of specifications and characteristics. The proposed web-based application offers a way of storing the knowledge, related to such installations and creates relations that can be easily classified.

Locations are those where the volatile flammable gases or vapors exists under normal conditions, or where volatile flammable gases or vapors may exist frequently because of repair or maintenance operations or leakage, or where breakdown or faulty operation of electrical equipment or processes might release ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors, and might also cause simultaneous failure of electrical equipment in such a way as to directly cause the electrical equipment to become the source of ignition. An example of this might be an area where a flammable liquid is stored under cryogenic conditions, and a leak directly into the electrical equipment could cause a failure of the electrical equipment at the same time the vapors of the evaporating liquid are within the flammable range.

The probability that any hazard exists in combustible concentration is determined by the specifics of the plant or system under consideration. For example, a natural gas vent line is much more likely to contain such a hazard than a lube oil line—unless, of course, the oil line's flanged joint is leaky. Finally, plant design also must protect against auto-ignition of combustible substances. A good example of this type of hazard is a flammable gas coming into contact with a hot surface. Codes define various temperature classes to guide designers as they specify equipment.

A maintenance program, generated by considering the characteristics and failures of medical equipment, is important with regard to usability and efficiency. However, it is inefficient to use the same strategies for the management of older technology devices and newer high-tech devices because of their different characteristics. The new high-tech devices functional control activities planned in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations and daily programmed self-tests should be done. These devices are tested against their specifications presented by their manufacturers. According to the 2007/47/EC Directive, these tests must be planned by the manufacturers. The directive states that "The instructions for use must contain details of the nature and frequency of the maintenance and calibration needed to ensure that the devices operate properly and safely at all times". For this reason, daily checks, including visual controls and specific device tests, are described in the user guide and carried out by users.

There is a simple Hydrometallurgy Equipment method for the selective recovery of germanium from fly ash (FA) generated in an integrated gasification with combined cycle (IGCC) process. The method is based on the leaching of FA with water and a subsequent concentration and selective separation of germanium by a solvent method. Regarding the leaching step, the different operational conditions studied were liquid/solid (L/S) ratio and time of contact. The solvent extraction method was based on germanium complexation with catechol (CAT) in an aqueous solution followed by the extraction of the Ge−CAT complex with an extracting organic reagent diluted in an organic solvent. The main factors examined during the extraction tests were aqueous phase/organic phase (AP/OP) volumetric ratio, aqueous phase pH, amounts of reagents, and time of contact. Germanium extraction yields were higher than 90%. Alkaline and acid stripping of organic extracts were studied obtaining the best results with 1M NaOH (85%). A high-purity germanium solution was obtained. Experimental data presented in this work show that the extraction of germanium by the solvent method designed can be selective toward germanium, and this element can be effectively separated from arsenic, molybdenum, nickel, antimony, vanadium, and zinc.

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