Guide for java beginners-Object-oriented programming (OOPs) concept in Java




What is Java?
Java is a programming language and a computing platform for application development. It was first released in 1995 by Sun Microsystem and later acquired by Oracle Corporation. It is one of the most commonly used programming languages.


What is Java platform?
Java platform is a collection of programs that help to develop and run programs in the Java programming language. Java platform includes an execution engine, a compiler, and a number of libraries. JAVA is a platform-independent language. It is not specific to any processor or operating system.


Object-oriented programming (OOPs) concept in Java
Object-oriented programming: as the name implies, Object-Oriented Programming or OOPs refers to languages that use objects in programming. Object-oriented programming aims to real-world entities, such as inheritance, to hide, to implement polymorphism, etc. in the programming. The main goal of OOP is that data and functions that operate on them, so that no other part of the code to access this data except this feature.



OOPs Concepts:

• Polymorphism
• Inheritance
• Encapsulation
• Abstraction
• Class
• Object
• Method


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Polymorphism: polymorphism refers to the ability of OOPs programming languages to distinguish efficiently between entities of the same name. This is done by Java using the signature and declaration of these entities.

Inheritance: inheritance is an important pillar of OOP (object oriented programming). It is the mechanism in java that allows a class to inherit the functions(fields and methods) of another class.

Encapsulation: encapsulation is defined as wrapping of data under a single unit. It is the mechanism that binds code and data that it manipulates.Another way to think about encapsulation is that it is a shield that prevents the data from being accessed by the code outside of this shield.

Abstraction: data abstraction is the property by which only the essential details are displayed to the user.The trivial or non-essential units are not displayed to the user. Ex: a car is regarded as a car rather than its individual components.

Class: A Class is a custom blueprint or prototype from which to create objects.  It represents the set of properties or methods that are common to all objects of a type.

Object: it is a basic unit of object-oriented programming and represents the real-world entities.  A typical Java program creates many objects that are known to interact by calling methods.

Method: a method is a collection of statements that perform a specific task and return the result to the caller. A method can perform a specific task without returning anything. Methods allow us to re-use the code without re-writing the code. In Java, each method must be part of a class that is different from languages such as C, C++, and Python.



Message Passing: objects communicate with each other by sending and receiving information. A message for an object is a request for execution of a procedure and therefore calls a function in the receiving object that generates the desired results. When the message is delivered, the name of the object, the name of the function, and the information to be sent are specified.


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