What Is Cancer?
Cancer is an uncontrollable and abnormal cell division. The normal cells of the body when develop abnormally they have the potential to cause cancer anywhere in the body. In all types of cancer the cell division happens rapidly without stopping and spreading through different tissues of the body. Each cell of the body is programmed for cell death known as apotosis. In cancer the cells undergo hyperplasia and dysplasia. There are carcinogenic agents which lead to such abnormal mutation of the cells. These agents could be physical, chemical, biological, environmental, genetic or immunological.

Types of Cancer Treatments:-
The classification of cancers is done by the type of cells that the tumour cells resemble. The following are the types of cancer cells-
• Carcinoma-it’s the most common type seen in the population. The cells of cancer are derived from the epithelial cells.
• Sarcoma- cancer cells which has its origin in the mesenchymal cells outside the bone marrow. These are mostly seen in the connective tissues like the bones, nerves, cartilages or fat.
• Lymphoma – it’s the cancer of the lymphatic and the lymph nodes.
• Leukaemia- it’s the cancer of the hematopoietic cells.
• Germ cell tumour – these are derived from the pluripotent cells like seminoma and dysgerminoma present in testicles and ovary respectively.
• Blastoma - the cancer which arises from the embryonic cells.

Stages of Cancers
Cancer after diagnosis is quantified by the physician. This enables to access the growth, metastasis of the cancer and determine which type of treatment is suitable for the patient. There are five stages of cancer.
Stage 0- Carcinoma in-situ is pre-cancerous cells that may or may not become cancerous in future. These are removed early in with treatments like surgery or radiation therapy.
Stage 1-also referred as early stage cancer. It is localized and has to spread to any other organs or tissues. It is easily treatable with surgery and chemotherapy.
Stage 2- cancers have penetrated the surrounding tissues, muscles and infiltrated into small lymph nodes but has not spread to distant lymph nodes or organs. It is still localized.
Stage 3-cancer has spread to the lymph nodes but has not metastasized to more distant areas of the body.
Stage 4- also known as terminal cancer. It means the cancer is malignant and there is metastasis to distant organs and tissue.

Causes-
• Chemical agents - Some substances through their chemical effects are linked to cause cancer of lungs, mesothelioma, leukemia and many other types. Tobacco smoke, asbestos fibers, dyes, benzene and many more such chemicals are found to be harmful and are potent carcinogens.
• Genetic - Cancers can result from heritable genetic defects. The risk of developing cancer is increases when a first degree relative has been diagnosed with it. Such inherited genetic mutations in one or more genes which predisposes an individual to the development of cancer is known as family cancer syndrome.
• Infection - Infectious agents like bacteria and parasites can cause cancer however; it is mostly the oncoviruses which are responsible for causing cancer. Examples include papilloma viruses, Ebstein- Barr virus, Human T-leukemia virus type I(HTLV-1) are all linked to tumour formation in humans.
• Physical agent - The substances that cause cancer through their physical presence are known as physical agents. These are of board range like electromagnetic radiations, low and high temperatures, trauma, solid and gel materials.
• Irradiations - X-rays and gamma radiations are listed as carcinogens which are capable of causing abnormal cell growth and genetic mutations. The risk of developing cancers due to these forms of ionizing radiations depends to age, intensity and the length of the exposure.
Treatment in cancer-
• Surgery - This is the primary treatment method for removing the cancer cell or tumour from the body. This prevents the cancer from spreading and prolonging the survival of the patients. It is useful in cases where the cancer is localized and metastasized to other parts of the body.
• Chemotherapy - Anti- neoplastic drugs are used for killing the cancer cells. The standardized regimen includes the use of board variety of cytotoxic, antimetabolites and alkylating agents. The efficacy of chemotherapy is based on the type of cancer and the stage of it. When it is used in combination with surgery and radiation better results are obtained.
• Radiation - In this type of therapy ionizing radiation is used for either to cure or prevent the spread of the cancer. The radiation helps to destroy the DNA of the mutated cancer cells. The beams of these ionizing radiation are aimed from multiple exposure angles to intersect at the tumour. In is used in addition to surgery or chemotherapy.
• Immunotherapy - In this treatment approach the sign and symptoms fo the patients are reduced by increasing the immunity of the body against these cancer cells. It is done by stimulating or improving the immune cells to fight out the cancerous cells in the body. The emphasis is on the development of antibodies that target the malignant cells.

Sign and symptoms:-
• Tumours or lumps
• Heavy bleeding
• Unexplained Anemia
• Irregular and in-between bleeding or spotting
• Severe pain in the abdomen
• Increased frequency to micturition
• Difficulty emptying the bladder
• Bloody stool
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Persistent cough
• Unexplained weight loss
• Lymph node swelling
• Night sweat
• Fever

Benefit of the treatments:-.
• It removes the tumours through surgery.
• Early treatment stops the cancer from spreading to other organs or tissues.
• Patient can get rid cancers cells through radiation and chemotherapy.
• Chemotherapy shrinks or slows down the growth of cancer cells.

Am I a good candidate for cancer?
In most cases of cancer the patients don’t show any sign or symptoms. If you are having symptoms like unexplained weight loss, anemia, changes in stool or urine recently. If there are lymph node swellings or tumours or moles which are growing in size then you should consult your doctor for diagnosis. Your doctor after going through all the diagnostic procedure for cancer may recommend you for cancer treatment depending on your stage and metastasis.

Why choose medcureIndia?
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