An LED or light emitting diode is an optoelectronic device, which can emit light when it truly is properly biased. The early light emitting diodes employed to emit a light beam of rather low intensity, but the modern day ones make up for this set back by proper illumination or emission of light. The light emitted by modern LED's are in quite a few wavelengths, and hence they provide a wide range of colors for us to select from. The main advantages of LED's are their limited energy consumption and extremely higher efficiency. They may be pretty robust, rugged and hard adequate to withstand mechanical shocks provided to them, they have a very fast switching response and they may be very compact.

A light emitting diode is nearly similar in construction to a p-n diode; the light emitting diode is made of a semi-conducting material such as silicon or germanium, which can be doped with p-type and n-type impurities as a way to get a p-n formation. The LED ordinarily consists in the following components, an epoxy lens or case to cover the semi conducting material, wire bonds, reflective cavity, semi conductor die and anvil post which is also referred to as the lead frame.

When a prospective is applied to this device a present flows by means of the junction resulting on account of the recombination of the holes and electrons, the recombination benefits in the release of energy inside the form of light photons.

The production with the LED's in fact started with red and infrared devices, which contained gallium arsenide. Now several ranges of colors are out there when we look to get a particular sort of LED. Advancements in material science and physics have cause the manufacture of LED's with wavelengths shorter then ever.

The light emitting diodes are constructed upon an n- type substrate with an electrode attached towards the p- sort layer deposited around the surface. Sapphire substrate is of prevalent use in modern light emitting diodes. The majority of the materials for the manufacture of light emitting diodes have a high index of refraction. Significantly light is reflected at the material air surface interface.

The usual red LED's most of us have come across are made up of gallium arsenide phosphide, the orange ones may also be created up with the exact same material, zinc selenide is used for the manufacture of blue LED's, in this way many chemical compounds kind the raw materials for the manufacture of LED's of distinctive colors.