The steering system converts the rotation of the steering wheel into a swivelling movement of the road wheels in such a way that the steering-wheel rim turns a long way to move the road wheels a short way.

The system allows a driver to use only light forces to steer a heavy car. The rim of a 15 in. (380 mm) diameter steering wheel moving four turns from full left lock to full right lock travels nearly 16 ft (5 m), while the edge of a road wheel moves a distance of only slightly more than 12 in. (300 mm). If the driver swivelled the road wheel directly, he or she would have to push nearly 16 times as hard.

The steering effort passes to the wheels through a system of pivoted joints. These are designed to allow the wheels to move up and down with the suspension without changing the steering angle.

They also ensure that when cornering, the inner front wheel - which has to travel round a tighter curve than the outer one - becomes more sharply angled.

The joints must be adjusted very precisely, and even a little looseness in them makes the steering dangerously sloppy and inaccurate.

There are 2 types of steering systems:

1)Manual steering system

2)Power steering system

MANUAL STEERING SYSTEMS

Manual steering is considered to be entirely adequate for smatter vehicles. It is tight. fast, and accurate in maintaining steering control. However, larger and heavier engines. greater front overhang on larger vehicles, and a trend toward wide tread tires have increased the steering effort required. Steering mechanisms with higher gear ratios were tried, but dependable power steering systems were found to be the answer.

There are several different types of manual steering systems, which are as follows:

Worm and sector
Worm and rotter
Cam and lever
Worm and nut
Rack and pinion

Power steering system:In automobiles, power steering (also known as power assisted steering (PAS) or steering assist system) helps drivers steer by augmenting steering effort of the steering wheel. Hydraulic or electric actuators add controlled energy to the steering mechanism, so the driver needs to provide only modest effort regardless of conditions. Power steering helps considerably when a vehicle is stopped or moving slowly. Also, power steering provides some feedback of forces acting on the front wheels to give an ongoing sense of how the wheels are interacting with the road; this is typically called "rοad feel".

The steering pump system converts the rotation of the steering wheel into a swivelling movement of the road wheels in such a way that the steering-wheel rim turns a long way to move the road wheels a short way. For more information visit our site.