By the beginning of the 16th century, all of Western Europewas one of religious terms - all were Christians, all were members of the Roman Catholic Church, believed in its traditional teaching, and accepted the rule of its president, namely the Pope of Rome, in religious matters. But the reform-movement enforcement that took place in Europe in the second decade of the 16th century soon began to oppose both the traditional education of the Church and the authority of the Pope. In other words, the movement that took place in England and Europe against the corrupt system of the Church and the Pope in the 16th century is called the 'Reform Reform Movement'.

In fact, this reform movement had two goals - one to revitalize and elevate the religious, moral and spiritual life among Christians, and the other to reduce many of the broad religious rights of the Pope of Rome and other subordinates. As a result of this great movement, this unity of Western Christians was shattered and the Catholic sect as well as the Lutheran, Calvinism, Anglicanist, and Presbyterianist sects became prevalent in Europe.

In fact, in the medieval era, the European society as a whole was centered, pious and religious. The Pope was not only the controller of religious life, but also spoke in the political arena. Thus, although the Reformation movement was an extraordinary process against social and religious life, it most affected the life of the state and the individual. This reform movement had two forms - religious and political. This movement was a proselytizing movement from the point of view of the growth of religiosity, morality and spirituality among the Christians, but the conflict between the monarchy and the Pope against the privileges of the Pope was political in that sense.

Historical Development of European Reformation

Although some changes were made to the church in the thirteenth century itself, they did not meet the needs of the modern era. With the advent of the modern era and the renaissance, the people of Europe had become rational and were not ready to accept superstitions and hypocrisies. At the same time, some reformers introduced the Pope's conduct and luxury to the public through his writings and speeches. Gradually, the Reformation movement became powerful and its influence was visible on the countries of Europe. Martin Luther of Germany was instrumental in making the movement a success. He strongly opposed the pope and gave birth to a new sect called 'Protestant'.

The reform movement promoted by Luther of Germany took various forms and shook all of Europe. In Switzerland, the two leaders of the Reformation were the most prominent - Jwingli (1424–1436 AD) in Zurich and Calvin (1509–1564 AD) in Geneva, followers of both later joined the same Calvinism. The sect also spread to Holland, Scotland and parts of France. It is named Presbyterian Religion in Scotland. Luther first had influence in France, but later most of the Protestant theologians, called Ugno, became followers of Calvin. King Henry VIII of England tried to stop propagating Protestant doctrines throughout his kingdom, yet, for personal reasons, he separated England's Catholicism from Rome in 1531 AD. Thus the unity of the Christian world of Europe was severed due to the Reformation movement. From the point of view of governance, completely independent sects emerged which, while believing the same Jesus and Bible, give different opinions about many fundamental religious principles.

Due to the Reformation movement

In the early 15th century, the pathetic condition of the Catholic public and the inaction of the Pope, the eagerness of the Pope and the politicians to grab the property of the Church, the personal freedom due to the Renaissance and the spread of the humanist movement, the invention of printing, etc. proved to be helpful in the Reformation movement. But many other reasons were also responsible for the success of the Reformation movement-

Lack of reverence for Church and Pope

The reverence that Christians have had for centuries for the Catholic Church promoted by Jesus has been reduced for several reasons. In the 14th century, a French pope was elected, who lived in Eugène on the border of France throughout his life. After this, in 1378 AD, two pope, one in France and one in Rome, both started calling each other 'atheists', so that the whole Catholic world was divided into two parts till 1417 AD. This reduced reverence for the Pope and the signs of the decline of his power began to be seen.

Apart from this predicament of the central organization of the Church, the condition of various religions was not satisfactory. At this time, all of Western Europe was divided into about seven hundred religions. Their rulers were called bishops. These bishops were feudatories who were often elected by the king from among the aristocracy and were often political rulers of their region in Germany. Therefore, many bishops were more interested in politics, less interested in religion and left the religious administration of their religion in the hands of priests. Therefore, there was a need for reform in all the areas of the church at this time and the movement for religious reform became mandatory.