Water softners can remove dissolved calcium and magnesium through a process known as “ion exchange”, Systems consist of two tanks: a resin tank and a brine tank. The resin tank contains a bed of negatively charged cation resin ( small plastic beads),that are coated with sodium ions(Na+). As hard water passes through bed, the positively charged calcium(Ca++) and magnesium(Mg++) ions exchange with sodium ions and are captured by the beads, causing the sodium to release into the water. Since the sodium in the water is harmless to plumbing and equipment, this soft water is now ready for use by your operation.

During the exechange process, the sodium charge eventually depletes. When near de4pletion, the softner is regenerated to cover the exchange capacity. High concentration sodium chloride is drawn from the brine tank and passed through the resin bed. The positively charged sodium ions in the solution displace the calcium and magnesium ions, releasing them back into the solution. These hardness ions are then flushed down the drain.

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