Plant tissue culture (micropropagation) is a vegetative propagation technique by manipulating somatic tissue by growing and growing plant parts, whether in the form of cells, tissues or organs in aseptic conditions in vitro. Tissue culture techniques are characterized by aseptic or sterile conditions of all forms of contaminants, using culture media that have complete nutritional content and using ZPT (growth regulators), as well as the conditions of the space in which tissue culture is regulated by temperature and lighting.

Cultivating tissue culture

Tissue Culture cultivates plant tissue into new plants that have the same properties as the parent. The theory that forms the basis of tissue culture is the theory of cell totipotence, written by Schleiden and Schwann, that living parts of plants that have totipotence, if cultivated in a suitable environment, can grow into perfect plants.

Plants can be propagated in two ways, namely:

sexual (generative), with seeds
asexual (vegetative), with parts of plants other than seeds
Tissue culture is often done on plants that have obstacles where generative propagation is not possible, so vegetative propagation is an alternative.

E.g.

very little or no seeds are produced
has no endosperm (in orchid seeds)
What are the aims and benefits of tissue culture?

The objectives of tissue culture are as follows:

Tissue culture can multiply plants with traits such as the parent, this culture includes vegetative propagation, which is a new individual occurs from the body part of a parent. Therefore, newly formed individuals have the same characteristics as their parents.

Propagation of plants with this technique makes plants free of disease because it is done aseptically.

The use of this method is very economical and commercial because the initial plant material needed is only a small or a small part that produces large amounts of derivatives, so the provision of large amounts of seedlings does not require a lot of parent plants.

Tissue culture can produce large numbers of identical parent plants. While the multiplication of plants with seeds (red beans) only produce one type of plant the same.

Stages of Tissue Culture : https://www.murid.co.id/tahapan-kultur-jaringan/

Once you know the meaning and purpose of tissue culture, in this material you will learn the stages of tissue culture.

The process of tissue culture begins with cutting the plant parts that will be cultured in culture media. This part of the plant to be cultured is called an explant. How to choose a good network? The material needed for plant propagation by this technique is not just any tissue, but tissue which is expected to grow and develop into new plants. The portion of plant material that is taken as small as possible to directly make tissue culture is called explants, which must meet the following requirements.

The network is being actively meristematic growth, because it has a high regeneration power and is still actively dividing and it is expected that in the network there are still growing substances that are still active so that it helps the further development of the network.

Explants taken from the leaves, roots, buds

pollen (anther) buds, stem ends and tubers that are kept sterile. If necessary it can be taken from parts that are still protected naturally such as tightly covered by scales, protective leaves, and so on.

Explants taken from young tissue (when a knife is stabbed will feel very soft), because they have the ability to divide so that they are meristematic.

To better understand the types of explants can be seen several examples of explants taken from the leaves,

flower stalk and anther on

Explants from leaves
Explants from lateral buds
Explants on anther
Eksplan then placed in the appropriate culture media. The explants will continue to divide to form undifferentiated cell mass, namely callus. The callus is then transferred to a differentiation medium that will continue to grow and develop into a small plant or plantlet. Culture medium requires sugar, inorganic salts, organic nitrogen and micro elements and growth hormones such as auxin and cytokinin. To better understand the mechanism of tissue culture,

Mechanisms of tissue culture

The stages carried out in the propagation of plants with tissue culture techniques are: Media making, Initiation, Sterilization, Multipication, Rooting, and Acclimatization.

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