Tuberculosis (TB) is classified as an infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that generally infects human lungs. However, it can also affect other body parts or organs. The other three major types of tuberculosis that are found include latent, active, as well as drug-resistant tuberculosis. The symptoms of tuberculosis cannot be identified in case of latent tuberculosis, owing to the presence of an inactive form of bacteria. However, in active tuberculosis, the symptoms are clearly visible and these symptoms can spread from one person to another. Some of the common symptoms of active tuberculosis include unintentional weight loss, coughing for more than two weeks, chills, coughing up blood, chest pain, fever, loss of appetite and fatigue. The major risk factors generally linked with tuberculosis include diabetes, HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, cancer, and severe kidney disease.

Large number of tests such as blood tests, imaging tests (such as chest X-ray or CT scan), and sputum tests can be used to diagnose. Tuberculosis can be treated with either the first-line or second-line therapy. According to the report by World Health Organization (WHO), tuberculosis is one of the major causes of deaths that occur across the globe. Currently, over 9 million new cases of TB and 1.5 million deaths are caused by tuberculosis that occurs across the globe. At present, WHO and some government agencies are working toward diminishing the burden of tuberculosis across the globe, with the support of programs such as Stop TB. For instance, in the year 2015, Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Program was initiated in order to check the prevalence of tuberculosis across the world. 

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Factor such as rising prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis is fuelling the tuberculosis drugs market growth. The major constraint for tuberculosis market includes drug shortage, especially in low- to medium-income countries of the globe. Tuberculosis linked with diseases such as HIV/AIDS and other conditions such as obesity is highly difficult to manage.

The global tuberculosis drugs market can be classified based on drug class, disease type, end-user, and region. Based on drug class, the global tuberculosis market can be segmented into first-line therapy, second-line therapy, and combination therapy. The first-line therapy of tuberculosis includes Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampin, and Ethambutol; while Ethionamide, Streptomycin, Levofloxacin, Capreomycin, and Gatifloxacin are mostly considered as a part of the second-line therapy. The second-line therapy is projected to be the swiftly growing segment of the global tuberculosis drugs market.

Depending upon disease type, the tuberculosis drugs market can be divided into latent tuberculosis, active tuberculosis, and drug-resistant tuberculosis. The drug-resistant tuberculosis market segment is anticipated to grow rapidly during the future years. 

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On the basis of distribution channel, the global tuberculosis drugs market can be divided into hospital pharmacy, retail pharmacy, and others. The hospital pharmacy market segment command the major share in the global tuberculosis drugs market. The segment is likely to expand at a high growth rate during the forecast years. The others segment is expected to gain majority of market share during the future years, owing to launch of national government programs.

Based on region, the global tuberculosis drugs market can be divided into five regions: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. The Asia-Pacific regional market dominated the global tuberculosis drugs market. The major factors fuelling the growth of the market include presence of large pool of patient population and high prevalence of TB, especially in some of the developing countries of the region such as India and China. On the other hand, North America and Europe comprise of small-sized patient pool with low rate of incidence of the disease. However, high rate of adoption of advanced yet expensive TB tests high level of awareness, well-developed health care infrastructure, and high purchasing power are propelling the market growth in these regions.

The major players included in the global tuberculosis drugs market are Pfizer Inc., Sanofi, Novartis AG, Zydus Cadila, Lupin Limited, Merck & Co., Inc., Bayer AG, and AstraZeneca Inc.

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