The safe operating temperature of a car's engine typically ranges between 195°F and 220°F (90°C to 105°C). Here are some key points to consider:

Optimal Temperature Range: Most modern engines are designed to run efficiently within this temperature range, which ensures optimal performance and longevity of the engine components.

Thermostat Role: The thermostat in a car regulates the engine's temperature by controlling the flow of coolant. It helps maintain the temperature within the safe range by opening and closing as needed.

Coolant System: The cooling system, which includes the radiator, water pump, and coolant, is critical in dissipating heat from the engine. Regular maintenance helps keep the engine within the safe temperature range.

Warning Indicators: Modern cars have temperature gauges or warning lights that alert the driver if the engine temperature is too high. Paying attention to these indicators is crucial to prevent overheating.

Overheating Risks: Running an engine above the safe temperature range can lead to overheating, which can cause severe damage, such as warped cylinder heads, blown head gaskets, and even engine failure.

Cold Starts: It's also important to avoid running the engine too cold. Engines that haven't reached their optimal operating temperature perform less efficiently and suffer more wear and tear.

External Factors: Ambient temperature, driving conditions, and engine load can affect the engine's temperature. For instance, driving in hot weather, towing heavy loads, or driving up steep inclines can increase the engine temperature.

Preventive Measures: Regularly checking coolant levels, ensuring proper thermostat functioning, and maintaining the radiator and cooling fan can help keep the engine temperature within the safe range.

Maintaining the engine temperature within the recommended range is essential for the vehicle's performance, efficiency, and longevity.