Spectral efficiency also known as spectrum efficiency or bandwidth efficiency is the optimized use of spectrum or bandwidth. It refers to the information rate that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth in a specific communication system that is the maximum amount of data can be transmitted with the fewest transmission errors. In a cellular telephone network, spectrum efficiency equates to the maximum number of users per cell that can be provided while maintaining an acceptable quality of service (QoS).

Latency in the simple words is the time difference or delay between cause and effect. Latency is the delay from input into a system to desired outcome; the term is understood slightly differently in various contexts and latency issues also vary from one system to another. Latency greatly affects how usable electronic and mechanical devices as well as communications are. If the latency is high the the response time of the system will be high and it will cause unavoidable delay.This is the key feature of 5G, in 5G latency is significantly reduced as compared to 4G.



Wireless sensor networks (WSN) also called wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN). These are spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, humidity,wind direction, speed illumination intensity, vibration intensity, sound intensity, power-line voltage, chemical concentrations, pollutant levels and vital body functions.etc. and to pass their data through the network to other locations. In 5G several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections for wireless sensors will be added. This will immensely help in monitor various conditions and get readings in lesser time as compared to various generations.