Many times one hears the term "Soil Nail" and "Tiebacks" used interchangeably and this demonstrates a lack of understanding of the products.
Suppose that a construction project requires an excavation where the side of a soil cut cannot be provided with a stable slope.
One can easily understand that without some kind of containment of the soil at the face of the cut, collapse of the soil along a failure plane is likely to occur. This failure can happen very quickly and without warning. The unstable soil has moved to the bottom of the excavation leaving a natural and stable slope for the remaining soil. This interface between the stable and unstable soil is called a slip plane.
The most common way to prevent this kind of soil failure is to provide lateral support to the unstable soil situated in
front of the slip plane. One common way to do this is with a retaining wall and tieback anchors. The tiebacks work
together with the structural retaining wall to provide sufficient lateral support to retain the unstable soil mass. The
retaining wall must be designed and constructed to provide rigid support for the soil mass across the distance between the tieback anchor placements. One often sees tieback anchors spaced eight to twelve feet or more apart along a retaining wall. The spacing and number of anchors depends upon the wall height, surcharge loads and properties of the retained soil.
Tieback anchors must be driven to a depth that is sufficient to provide tension resistance in the anchor shaft that is
equal to the soil forces pushing against the retaining wall.
Notice that each soil nail shaft has a great number of helical plates with the same diameter. These helical plates are evenly spaced along the entire length of the shaft. By comparison, a tieback anchor has one or more helical plates
situated at the tip of the tieback. These helical plates generally increase in diameter along the shaft away from the tip.
Once a tieback anchor lead section is installed, extensions without helical plates are used to extend the helical plates at the tip to the target depth. Soil nails, on the other hand, will always have identical evenly spaced, small diameter helical plates along the entire shaft from beginning to end.

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