There are different approaches to learning, because it is a very complicated matter. People constantly make associations between events in the environment, thus implementing classical conditioning that was first explained by the Russian scientist Pavlov through his experiments with dogs. In processing and remembering information, different types of learning may be used, such as cognitive learning, observational learning or classical conditioning or operant conditioning.
We can learn in different ways. For example, behaviorists believe that it is possible to learn through a permanent change of behavior. Observational learning demonstrates that things can be learned through such effort like attention. In order to learn something, it is important to be concentrated on the matter you are going to learn. Attention is a great tool in the learning process. For example, if a person wants to remember professors lecture, it is very important to concentrate his attention on what he is listening, trying not to think of anything else. Those who are attentive can remember and notice many details that make the whole. The ability to store information is also rather important in learning. By storing information in one file in ones computer gives the opportunity to review it when needed. Another essential attribute in learning is motivation. For example, when going on vacation to France, one knows that not all French speak English that is why there may be a need to learn some words and phrases in French. Spending money for the tour and willing to communicate with people, a person will have motivation to learn a necessary vocabulary that would help him/her to communicate with people. On the other hand, some parents force their children to study French in school, but they do not succeed. It often happens, because they do not know why they need this, i.e. they have no motivation to learn the language. Without motivation people lose their interest in learning. For example, there is no sense to learn how to drive, if a person has no money for a car.
Some theorists consider that reinforcement and punishment can be important tools in learning. As for me, I consider punishment as a negative aspect of learning, because a person cannot feel free while learning under the threat of punishment. Rewards may be more effective in the learning process. For example, when a student gets extra credits to come on time, his classmates would come a little earlier next day too. Punishment gives negative emotions to a person, and he probably will not have any desire to feel uncomfortable in the future. Those children who are punished at home for bad results in their studies evidently would not have positive attitude to learning. In this case, learning may be extremely inefficient. In order to succeed in learning, human beings often try to imitate the behavior of others. A person can prove this from his own experience.
In the early childhood, children learn things by imitating their parents and close ones. At school, students learn by observation, watching, listening, touching, reading and experiencing. Thus, cognitive learning is rather efficient, because it provides the means of learning. Certain manipulations in humans brain lead to better learning. By cognitive processes individuals create mental representations of events, objects, and other information. In cognitive learning, the learner may seem quite passive, because no motor movement is observed. However, it is not true, because a learner is in the process in a cognitive way, remembering new information. For example, making a research for the essay a student has to store up a lot of information that may include watching movies, reading books, experiencing and using different tests, thus creating mental representation of newly incoming information.
To conclude, it is worth noting that human beings may succeed in learning by cognitive activity, because not all cases of learning can be captured by classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Moreover, the process of learning should involve different types of learning in regards to the humans abilities, concerns, and capacities of human intelligence.

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