Timing Advance Processor is a burst sent by the base station only by mobile stations with a certain advance. GSM-R system (time division multiplexing synchronization system), so the timely synchronization of the system is very important. Because the mobile station and the base station always maintain a certain physical distance, when the mobile station communicates with the base station, the number will be sent. If no measures are taken, the time delay will cause the message sent by the mobile station in the time slot received by the base station to overlap with another message received by the base station in its next time slot, resulting in the inability to decode the message.

Because the radio interface uses the TDMA standard, the signals of different MSs received by the BTS are connected to each other. In order to eliminate the return propagation delay from the MS to the BTS (because the guard interval between time slots is small), some mechanism is needed to compensate. MS needs to send a certain time in advance is one of the methods. This advance comes from the received pulse and is called the time advance.

Due to the influence of multipath propagation and MS synchronization accuracy, the TA measurement difference between two MSs receiving signals from the same cell at the same location may reach about 3 bits (1.6 km).

After establishing a specific connection, the BTS continuously measures the time offset between its own pulse slot and the received MS slot. Based on this measurement, it can provide the MS with the required time advance and notify the MS on the SACCH at a frequency of 2 times per second.

In the GSM system, burst transmission and reception must be carried out strictly in corresponding time slots, so the system must ensure strict synchronization. However, mobile users move randomly. When the distance between the mobile station and the base station is different, the burst transmission delay is also different. In order to overcome the uncertainty of timing caused by the transmission delay of the burst, the base station must instruct the mobile station to send the burst with a certain advance to compensate for the increased delay.

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