Since its invention, the laser has been widely used in industrial processing, medical beauty, scientific research and other fields due to its excellent characteristics. The astronomy laser pointer has four main characteristics, namely high brightness, good directivity, good monochromaticity and high coherence. These characteristics are related to each other, enabling the laser to be adapted to different scenes.

High brightness of laser
A laser with high brightness is mainly due to its high concentration of light beams. The high brightness of the laser is also a manifestation of its high concentration of energy. After focusing by the lens, thousands of degrees, even tens of thousands of degrees of high temperature can be formed near the focus, which makes it possible to process almost all materials. The high concentration of energy is a very important feature of lasers. It is precisely because of this advantage that it can be widely used in industrial processing and medical fields.

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Monochrome
The color of light is determined by the wavelength of light, and light has a certain wavelength range. The narrower the wavelength range, the better the monochromaticity will be. For ordinary light sources, because the spectral line width is relatively large and the frequency range is too wide, the color displayed will be more complicated. Although, the line width of the 5000mw laser pointer is much narrower than that of a normal light source. However, the line width of the laser is limited by many factors, and it is almost impossible to reach the theoretical level. For example, changes in temperature, slight vibrations in the laser, airflow in the volumetric optics, and external pumping can cause instability in the resonant frequency, which can result in reduced performance.

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Good directionality
The light emitted by ordinary light sources propagates in various directions, and the divergence angle is large. In comparison, the divergence angle of the laser is small and is emitted almost in parallel. The light emitted by the laser is a kind of polarized light with a fixed direction. A simple case can visually express this: laser water does not refract. Among various lasers, gas lasers are the most prominent in directionality, followed by solid-state lasers, which are less advanced in this respect.

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Good coherence
The light wave is composed of countless photons. The light quantum emitted from the high power laser pointer is consistent in wavelength, frequency and polarization direction due to the resonance principle, which makes it have a very strong interference force. We also generally refer to lasers as coherent light. It is precisely because the laser is much more coherent than ordinary light sources. The use of lasers as a source of holography is also a feature of good coherence.

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When the laser is applied to the material in pulse time on the order of picoseconds and femtoseconds, the processing effect changes significantly. The femtosecond laser can focus on a smaller spatial area than the diameter of the hair, making the intensity of the electromagnetic field several times higher than the force of the nucleus to its surrounding electrons, thus enabling many other methods that do not exist on Earth. Extreme physical conditions are also not available. As the pulse energy rises sharply, the high power density laser pulse can easily strip off the outer electrons, causing the electrons to break away from the atom and form a plasma. Since the interaction time between the green laser pen and the material is extremely short, the plasma has not been able to transfer energy to the surrounding material, and has been ablated from the surface of the material without causing thermal influence on the surrounding materials. Therefore, ultra-fast laser processing is also Known as "cold processing."