Ground-mount Photovoltaic systems

Large, utility-scale solar power plants are generally ground-mounted photovoltaic systems. Racks or frames that are attached to ground-based mounting supports hold their solar modules in place. Mounting aids dependent on the ground include:

• Pole mounts, which are directly driven or embedded in concrete into the ground.

• Mounts of the foundation, such as concrete slabs or poured basements

• Ballasted footing mounts that use weight to secure the solar module system in position, such as concrete or steel bases. This type of mounting system is well suited to locations where excavation, such as capped landfills, is not possible and facilitates the decommissioning or relocation of solar module systems.

Solar modules

Solar power systems mounted on the roof consist of solar modules held in place by racks or frames attached to mounting supports based on the roof. Mounting supports based on the roof include:

• Rail mounts that are directly attached to the structure of the roof and may use additional rails to attach the racking or frames of the module.

• Ballasted footing mounts that use weight to secure the panel system in position and do not require penetration, such as concrete or steel bases. This mounting method allows solar panel systems to be decommissioned or relocated with no adverse effect on the roof structure.

• All wiring connecting adjacent solar modules to the equipment for energy harvestingmust be installed according to local electrical codes and should be run in a conduit appropriate for the climate conditions.

Solar trackers

At the expense of mechanical complexity and increased maintenance needs, solar trackers increase the energy produced per module. For maximum exposure to light, they sense the Sun's direction and tilt or rotate the modules as needed. Alternatively, fixed racks keep modules stationary at a given tilt (zenith angle) and facing a given direction throughout the day.

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